Python 错误集锦

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环境信息

  • Python 3.10.12

certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate

报错信息如下：

ssl.SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1007)
...
urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1007)>

问题原因 ： 本地 CA 证书不存在

解决方法

  1. 查看默认证书位置 
    >>> import ssl
    >>> print(ssl.get_default_verify_paths())
    DefaultVerifyPaths(cafile=None, capath='/usr/local/openssl/ssl/certs', openssl_cafile_env='SSL_CERT_FILE', openssl_cafile='/usr/local/openssl/ssl/cert.pem', openssl_capath_env='SSL_CERT_DIR', openssl_capath='/usr/local/openssl/ssl/certs')

    根据输出内容，可以看到 Python 使用的 openssl 位于 /usr/local/openssl/，CA 证书路径为 /usr/local/openssl/ssl/cert.pem，检查 CA 证书路径，发现 CA 证书不存在 
    $ cd /usr/local/openssl/ssl/
    $ ls
    certs  ct_log_list.cnf  ct_log_list.cnf.dist  misc  openssl.cnf  openssl.cnf.dist  private
  2. 下载 CA 证书文件 
    wget http://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem --no-check-certificate
    mv cacert.pem cert.pem
    下载 CA 证书文件后，重新尝试，SSl 连接正常。

can’t start new thread

环境信息

  • Docker 1.13
  • Python3.9

在 Docker 中运行 python 后，使用 pip 报错 RuntimeError: can't start new thread

# pip install --upgrade pip
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages (23.0.1)
Collecting pip
  Downloading pip-23.2.1-py3-none-any.whl (2.1 MB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 0.0/2.1 MB ? eta -:--:--ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 160, in exc_logging_wrapper
    status = run_func(*args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 247, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  
  ...
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line 107, in get_http_url
    from_path, content_type = download(link, temp_dir.path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/network/download.py", line 147, in __call__
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_internal/cli/progress_bars.py", line 52, in _rich_progress_bar
    with progress:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py", line 1169, in __enter__
    self.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/progress.py", line 1160, in start
    self.live.start(refresh=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/rich/live.py", line 132, in start
    self._refresh_thread.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/threading.py", line 899, in start
    _start_new_thread(self._bootstrap, ())
RuntimeError: can't start new thread

[notice] A new release of pip is available: 23.0.1 -> 23.2.1
[notice] To update, run: pip install --upgrade pip

问题原因 Docker 版本太低，升级版本到 18.06 以上。参考说明